Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 174 people have written so far, and share your own experience. In this video, we'll be exploring the ins and outs of Smart Prop Trader, one of the most talked-about prop firms in 2023. 7 out of 5. With. This demonstrates that FundedNext is not only a legitimate prop firm but also a reliable partner on your trading journey. It’s recognized for its refundable nominal access fees and relaxed trading guidelines, distinguishing it from its competitors. Madhu assisted me when I had challenges and I was paid few minutes after I chatted with Madhu. . Visit this website. By simulating diverse market conditions, it helps traders hone their strategies and showcase their proficiency. In my opinion Smart Prop trader is the best prop. 5M in trading capital. September 7, 2023. . 5% of the $2,000 True Backing = $100. Aiming to provide an alternative to the “pipe dream” offered by other prop firms, City Trader Imperium offers funded accounts with profit share benefits to qualified traders who pass the evaluation. Smart Prop Trader presents the ultimate opportunity for you to turbocharge your trading career with our exclusive $100k Challenge Virtual Account. Rest all the trading conditions are already top notch and industry standard. | Read 861-880 Reviews out of 1,110About Smart Prop Trader. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. With a stellar average rating of 4. Prop Reviews; Discount Codes; Prop Blog; X. | Read 1,621-1,624 Reviews out of 1,624Smart Prop Trader Review: An insight to the up-and-coming prop firm. The program offers demo trading accounts ranging from $10k to $100k, allowing traders to receive a bonus on a bi-weekly or monthly basis as they hone their skills. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. . Smart Prop Trader is a reputable online trading platform that has garnered positive reviews from users. 5% Phase 1 profit target. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 175 customers have already said. Hey guys! This is video is all about the Smart Prop Trader Daily Drawdown & Maximum Drawdown Rules. | Read 141-160 Reviews out of 1,820Crypto Fund Trader is a proprietary trading platform that evaluates traders’ skills across multiple markets, including crypto, forex, and stocks, using demo money. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Creston, BC, Canada Maverick Trading Full time. Account sizes up to:. Learn More. | Read 981-981 Reviews out of 981. A brief summary of the program is as follows:The firm offers various services, including trading capital to traders, proprietary trading indicators, and an extensive educational section with video tutorials, webinars, and real-time challenges to test your trading skills. Overview: Alpha Capital is known for offering a scalable trading opportunity for Forex traders. This can be indicative of bad things to come. Register today! This is the lowest price ever offered for such an incredible opportunity. 11 Following. FOREXPROPREVIEWS. For the ambitious trader looking to go pro, Smart Prop Trader provides the means and support to make it happen. Fees. | Read 1,661-1,669 Reviews out of 1,669Smart Prop Trader. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 956 customers have already said. Once traders meet the rules of Smart Prop Trader challenge and pass the evaluation, they move on to the second phase. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 344 people have written so far, and share your own experience. Users highlight the prompt and courteous service they have received, praising the company’s problem-solving approach, even in instances when the issues were not. The $50,000 challenge went from $350 to $275. The company allows traders to trade with a massive array of trading. . Initial Funding: Initial accounts can start at $10,000 – $200,000 depending on account type, but 2 evaluation phases must be passed before trading with real money. Carlo Demontis. Useful. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. These positive reviews offer compelling evidence of SurgeTrader’s authenticity and. Founded in 2016, Trade The Pool has garnered attention by building on the reputable legacy of The5ers. Table of Contents. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Date of experience: 09. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 1,044 people have written so far, and share your own experience. Company: Founded with the aim to nurture trading talent, Alpha Capital focuses primarily on Forex markets. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Here are some distinct features of prop trading firms: High-Risk, High-Reward Environment: Prop trading firms allow traders to make bold moves in the market with the company’s money. Lower minimum trading days. With its user-friendly interface and advanced trading tools, Smart Prop Trader has become a popular choice among traders looking to maximize their profits. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 182 people have written so far, and share your own experience. Read customer reviews of Smart Prop Trader, a prop firm that offers incentivized challenges and rewards for traders. 8/5 First payout after 12 calendar days Unlimited evaluation free retries Leverage 1:100 Bi-weekly payouts Overnight and weekend holding allowed. One of the best prop firm ever. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 1,044 customers have already said. Profit Split: According to their FAQ section, the profit split is 85%. Known as one of the best proprietary trading firms. With a diverse range of programs catering to different trading styles and. For a $25,000 account, the fee increases to $187. Fees. Always verify important details with the prop firm you are going to sign up for. ”. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. HEY TRADERS ! In the above video I have made the comparison among the funded trader and smartprop trader , The comparison is based on the basic factors,. This client didn't follow the instructions at all, and the interesting part is that he left this review on CPI news day. They have assisted thousands of traders in achieving financial success and are committed to supporting you at every stage. OneUp is a prop trading firm that focuses on proprietary futures, though you can trade a variety of instruments and indices. NG. | Read 1,261-1,280 Reviews out of 1,282Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Profit Split: According to their FAQ section, the profit split is 85%. Scaling Plan: Up to $2 million based on meeting scaling criteria. 5% account risk. Payments are done very quickly, it's shocking. ---. One of the best prop firm ever. The free trial is a shortened version of the Smart Prop Trader challenge, which gives new traders to practice their trading skills and see if they have what it takes to follow and respect the firm’s trading rules. Welcome to FXGears. The Smart Prop Trader platform was created by traders, specifically for traders. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Una empresa con mejores condiciones de casi todas las empresas que le pone. Risk Management in Prop Trading. This course. SmartPropTrader has proven to be a reliable and customer-centric platform, and I highly recommend them to anyone interested in trading and giveaways. This unique discount allows traders to avail themselves of various services and funding options at reasonable rates. Is the FundedNext Prop Firm Worth It: An Overview. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Videos. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Pros. Subscribe to our newsletter for exclusive access to the Prop Firm Guide with detailed information on over 30 prop trading firms. These are my results till now I will update you guys. Visit the official website, click the Free Trial button, register your details, select your preferred account type and trading platform, and begin your 14-day journey. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Promises weekend crypto trading. Maverick Trading is no exception. After registering and setting up your personal account on Bulenox, you choose the account size you wish to trade with, ranging from $25,000 to $250,000. Most of the negative reviews of Apex Trader Funding stemmed from bad customer support. We've already handled the leg work of digging up all of this information. 10% Off. | Read 1,681-1,700 Reviews out of 1,779In this comprehensive E8 Funding review, we’ll dive deep into every aspect of this exceptional prop firm to discover what sets it apart as an excellent choice for traders. Diverse Account Offerings: Users frequently express appreciation for the firm’s diverse range of account offerings. I definitely recommend SPT to every trader. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Note that you have no maximum or minimum trading day. In proprietary trading firms, one of the primary ways risk is managed is through setting a ‘Profit Target. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. With a dedicated professional team, powerful trading platforms, and a unique profit split system, The. To ascertain if a trader has all the qualities we seek, we developed a 2-step evaluation course. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Minh Trinh. With. com. Whether you’re a seasoned trader or a beginner seeking a safe. com's Reddit Forex Trading Community! Here you can converse about trading ideas, strategies, trading psychology, and nearly everything in between! ---- We also have one of the largest forex chatrooms online! ---- /r/Forex is the official subreddit of FXGears. Cons. Prop trading occurs when a financial firm or investment bank trades stocks, bonds, commodities, their derivatives, or other financial instruments, using their own funds instead of their clients’ money. Read customer reviews of Smart Prop Trader, a prop firm that offers incentivized challenges and rewards for traders. Omkara Singh. 1 review. 6/5, with the majority of the reviews being 5-star ratings at 86%. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. 1 review. 16 Jan 2023. | Read 1,781-1,800 Reviews out of 1,829OneUp Trader, as its name suggests, aims to have a leg up on its competition. Smart Prop trader is a US-based prop firm headed by Blake Olsen, the co-founder of The Funded Trader. Best customer service I've ever dealt with. The program is divided into four levels: Junior, intermediate, advanced, and senior. Smart Prop Trader LLC is not a broker/dealer and we accept no. This is a testament to their exceptional service and trustworthiness in the forex. 8 TrustPilot average rating. 8 and 591 reviews, it’s clear that the company has built a strong rapport with its traders. Smart Prop Trader stands out as a credible proprietary trading firm, offering traders a choice of five distinct two-step evaluation program account sizes. PK. Date of experience: August 18, 2023Smart Prop Trader Review (5% discount code: FOREXPROPREVIEWS) 4. Use code 3STAGE. City Traders Imperium Reviews. | Read 1,081-1,100 Reviews out of 1,392Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 956 people have written so far, and share your own experience. There are a number of ways that a prop firm can help you become a. For example, apex and the like will be $4 a round turn for ES, Apteros is like $1. Smartprop trader to me comes up as my number one prop firm. A day in the life of a prop trader is dynamic, challenging, and rewarding. com's Reddit Forex Trading Community! Here you can converse about trading ideas, strategies, trading psychology, and nearly everything in between! ---- We also have one of the largest forex chatrooms online! ---- /r/Forex is the official subreddit of FXGears. If you like content like this, make s. Smart Prop Trader vs The Funded Trader. #smartproptrader #ftmo #bestpropfirm smart prop trader vs ftmo - smart prop trader review visit prop firm,smart prop t. With an impressive average rating score of 4. BluSky Trading. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Refund. The model operates on a tiered scale: Traders keep 80% of profits up to $20,000. | Read 161-162 Reviews out of 162. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Fidelcrest Ltd. Their platform is user-friendly, without any hidden tricks or gimmicks, making your trading. Starting with an initial account size of $25,000, traders can scale up to 1 million dollars based on performance metrics. Our Smart Prop Trader Challenge is the first step of our Evaluation Process . Excellent prop firm. | Read 481-500 Reviews out of 1,829My Funded Fx offers 2-step evaluation accounts from $5k to $300k which are priced fairly. Comprehensive Evaluation Process: The firm sets itself apart with an Evaluation Process tailored to understand and nurture trading talents. This was where a few zealous day traders, including the soon-to-be three founders, decided to amalgamate their skills and strengths. Smart Prop Trader Reviews 174. Well the support was ready to listen to me and told me to be patient since I’d an issue that lasted a while. My journey with SPT is amazing. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. The firm itself has earned a 4. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's 4-star rating? Check out what 174 people have written so far, and share your own experience. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. TopTier Trader is a proprietary trading platform established by Cue Banks and Anthony. 285 likes · 4 talking about this. Forex Broker Report. Date of experience: 24 September 2023. | Read 81-100 Reviews out of 1,816Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. smartproptrader. I started working with this company recently and so far they are very friendly and quick to respond, especially (RACQUEL) they are very resolute and helpful and do an excellent job. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Smart Prop Trader requires traders to be successful in their two-step evaluation program before being granted access to live-funded accounts and the possibility to earn profit splits. WEBSITE. Smart Prop Trader, led by CEO Blake Olsen, is a United States-based proprietary trading firm that has been operational for one year. io is a proprietary trading firm established in June 2022, specializing in the Forex market. I recommend them they are top notch. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. I don't have a coupon code with any of t. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Hey guys! This video is all about the Smart Prop Trader and the questions you asked me via Instagram about the company. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Some traders may find the funding fee to be on the higher side. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. If you like content like this, make sure to smash. I go over the comparison on the two in this video. In a nutshell: AudaCity Capital is a proprietary firm (or prop firm) that specializes in forex trading. Prop Trading Firm. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Interviews and Psychological Assessment: Prop firms often conduct one-on-one interviews to evaluate a candidate’s decision-making process, ability to handle pressure, and emotional stability. If you want to become a member, read our FTMO review for a full breakdown of everything this firm has to offer. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Before we allow you to trade our Smart Prop Trader Virtual Account, we need to be sure you can trade responsibly and manage risk properly. 5 million for successful traders. In a Nutshell: FunderPro is an emerging proprietary trading firm established in 2023 and based in Malta. 8 Offers Available. You can do your due diligence, some reviews about Smart Prop Trader can be found on the most respected Trading review sites – Forex Peace Army, TrustPilot or Forex Factory. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. With no time limits and low profit targets, Maven is strong competition in the current prop firm space. If you violate the Trading Objectives, the initial fee paid for the Smart Prop Trader Challenge will be forfeited so be sure to respect the rules. FundedNext’s commitment to transparency, along with its focus on providing personalized service, has earned it a strong reputation in the trading community, even despite some negative reviews. Most of the Apex Trader Funding reviews I read were generally positive, as proven in its 4. With reviews, guides and discount codes to help you. 1 review. This means that it offers skilled traders the opportunity to trade forex with a funded account and share the profits. Smart Prop Trader is a proprietary trading firm based in Texas, USA that was founded in 2022 with the goal of offering top trading conditions to a global audience with little to no restrictions at the lowest prices possible to traders and the famous 7. News trading allowed. 7 reviews. Date of experience: November 15, 2023. Smart Prop Trader Review. This originally costs $489, but is reduced to only $415. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. You can do your due diligence, some reviews about Smart Prop Trader can. . Claims fast funding. Regarding what users say, Maven Trading reviews & ratings offer invaluable insights into the firm’s reputation in the market. | Read 1,321-1,340 Reviews out of 1,563According to numerous reviews and testimonials, Funded Trading Plus appears to be a legitimate company dedicated to empowering traders. Omkara Singh. If you ever need to get in touch, here’s their contact info: Address: Apex Trader Funding Inc. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Date of experience: September 09, 2023. If you meet the conditions of our Scaling Plan, not only do we increase the balance of your Smart Prop Trader Virtual Account by 25%, the payout ratio will also automatically change to a staggering 90:10!Bespoke Funding Program Honest Review & 10% Discount Code. In this review we aim to explore the ins and outs of the TFTs platform examining its features, advantages, potential limitations and overall value it offers to traders. With our prop firm comparison module you can put the best prop trading firms head to head. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. The high star ratings and the sheer volume of positive reviews substantiate the argument that SurgeTrader isn’t a scam but a credible, reputable prop trading platform that consistently delivers on its promises and has earned the trust of traders worldwide. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. 1. The Funded Trader (TFT) is a well known name in the field of trading offering a variety of customized challenges and evaluation programs for aspiring traders. These two steps consist of the Smart Prop Trader Challenge and the Verification. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. February 22, 2023. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. 28 Oct 2023. | Read 61-80 Reviews out of 166. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Prop Trading Firms. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 408 customers have already said. MORE INFO. Proud to be a part of Uprofit trading firm that values excellence. It has a reputation for finding and creating some of the most talented prop traders. Smart Prop Trader is the leading funding company for retail traders in the forex, indices, crypto, and commodities markets. SPT is truly reliable! Date of experience: 15 October 2023. MORE INFO. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Find out all the details below in my Fidelcrest review! Service Type. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. FTMO, a renowned proprietary trading firm, commenced as a concept in 2014 in a quaint office located in Prague. It offers a 30% discount, enhancing access to UProfit Trader’s market opportunities and potentially boosting your profits. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Overall I really like this prop firm would recommend it as it is one of the best 2 step evaluation prop. No other prop firm has prices this low and that is why traders are flocking to our challenges. Candidates worldwide can undergo an evaluation process. Honoring courage, celebrating freedom 🇺🇸 This Veterans Day, we extend our deepest gratitude to those who served. We understand the desires and requirements of traders operating within the Prop Firm sector, and we are dedicated to assisting you in achieving success. Read 3 more reviews about Smart Prop Trader. | Read 81-100 Reviews out of 1,788 Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. The support staff. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Do you agree with Smart Prop Trader's TrustScore? Voice your opinion today and hear what 174 customers have already said. Smart Prop Trader stands out as a reliable platform for fostering trading careers in a professional and supportive environment. The mission of Smart Prop Trader revolves around boosting and propelling your trading profession through the provision of exceptional prospects and expert mentorship. In this day and age where a lot of prop… In this day and age where a lot of prop firms having non traders as CEO are denying a lot of payouts,one feels immense calmness in trading for firms that have respectable traders as ceos. | Read 1,781-1,781 Reviews out of 1,781Online Reviews. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. com Smart Prop Trader Review Final Thoughts. Smart Prop Trader Reviews 155. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Originally branded as Ziskejucet. Instant Funding Program: FTUK's instant funding program provides immediate access to trading capital,. The $50,000 challenge went from $350 to $275. 7. Additionally, the company offers some of the most competitive prices in the industry. Read our comprehensive review of Smart Prop Trader and find out why it's the top choice for traders. $75. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. com, the leading aircraft marketplace. Save 50% with Take Profit Trader promo code ‘MODESTMONEY’. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. | Read 101-120 Reviews out of 1,794 Smart Prop is the only firm I've used thus far. This overwhelming majority of top-tier reviews strongly suggest that the firm exceeds customer expectations on several fronts. 4-star rating out of 78 reviews on Trustpilot and a 3. Smart Prop Trader LLC does not provide any of the investment services listed in the Capital Market Undertakings Act No. Smart Prop Trader: Discord: Connect Discord:. Cons. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. 4. i told them i couldnt login to my account and within a few minutes they sent me new credentials. Thanks to our time-limited Maven Trading coupon code ‘SUMMER’, you can enjoy a one-month 90% profit split, 125% cashback, and 10% off everything. The platform’s true value lies in its adaptability. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Online reviews showcase a largely positive sentiment, with the firm receiving a 4. We'll be discussing their rules & r. Seamless bi-monthly payout process. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. maama gooner. OFP Funding is a prop trading firm without any challenges to pass or profit targets to reach. If you meet the conditions of our Scaling Plan, not only do we increase the balance of your Smart Prop Trader Virtual Account by 25%, the payout ratio will also automatically change to a staggering 90:10!Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. This timely payout system instills. To evaluate the sought-after attributes, they have devised an extensive two-phase evaluative program. Large Funded Engineer Payout by @_claudiarea on Twitter. 8 out of 5 from over 5,617 reviews on Trustpilot, the firm’s commitment to quality service, user-centric features, and trader success is resonating with its clientele. | Read 1,821-1,821 Reviews out of 1,821Visit Website. Each level includes a specific set of online courses, simulated trading, and funding opportunities. Smart Prop Trader requires traders to be successful in their two-step evaluation program before being granted access to live-funded accounts and the possibility to earn profit splits. The firm provides a range of account sizes from $10,000 to $200,000, which caters to a wide array of traders. The Smart Prop Trader Challenge stage has reasonable rules, where the Profit Target is. 4. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. Read 2 more reviews about Smart Prop Trader. Smart Prop Trader is the best prop firm in the industry. InstantFunding. Our comparison module currently compares the following prop firms: Alpha Capital. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. For traders, from novices to professionals, who are eager to. | Read 301-305 Reviews out of 305. Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. I don't have a coupon code wit. In my FTMO review, we discuss FTMO’s features, pros & cons, and costs. | Read 1,101-1,120 Reviews out of 1,170Starting your FTMO free trial is simple. Perfect for both the inexperienced and experienced trader, CTI is one of the few forex prop firms that offers a potential profit split up to 100% (with 70% being more realistic). InstantFunding. In this series I will be sharing my progress from doing the Smart Prop Trader 10K challenge. 4 Coupon Code (s)Smart Prop Trader is Super Sweet. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. کیا یہ سچ ہے؟ آئیے معلوم کریں۔ متعارف کرانے Smart Prop Trader: فاریکس اور انڈیکس ٹریڈنگ کا آپ کا گیٹ وے1 review. Smart Prop Trader is the best prop firm in the industry. Maven Trading Review on Funding Challenge. I don't have a coupon code wit. With no minimum trading days and low phase 1 requirements, it is a top choice for traders looking for a reputable two-phase prop firm. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Austin, Texas-- (Newsfile Corp. Browse a wide selection of new and used Aircraft for sale near you at Controller. Funded Engineer is a newer firm, but its owner Trader Tristan gives it a lot of credibility as he is a funded trader with lots of other prop firms. Lux was founded by seasoned asset managers with a global network and currently supports traders in eighty countries. Speedy Payouts: The firm’s average payout arrival time is less than 24 hours. | Read 261-280 Reviews out of 1,808Read customer service reviews for Smart Prop Trader on Trustpilot. If you want a cheap $100k account, but would prefer a shorter 2-step challenge, a The Funded Trader Royal Challenge account is the best choice. Explicamos cuales son las ventas de usar la empresa de fondeo SMART PROP TRADER . If you don't know if you want to choose FTMO or Smart Prop Trader. With no stringent time limits, the challenge offers 9% and 5% phase-wise profit targets, respectively, and a static maximum drawdown of 10%. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Keep up the good services. For traders, from novices to professionals, who are. Received my funded account within 20 minutes after passing phase 2. Customer suport like '' steve'' on discord also very helpful. Learn More. It offers a unique system where traders undergo evaluation through challenge accounts. 7/5 rating on Trustpilot. There’s no time limit for this program, giving traders a chance to learn at their own pace while being assessed by My Forex Funds. October 20, 2023;Smart Prop Trader LLC does not filter, edit, publish or review Comments prior to their presence on the website. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. Check out what customers have written so far or share your own experience with the company. In this video, I break down why you. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer. Learn more about the company and what they sell or offer.